Uru rupapuro rusobanuraindangaguhitamo imiyoboro ya sisitemu yo gushyushya nibyiza, ihame ryakazi no kubungabungaumupira wamaguru, itanga agaciro kingenzi kerekana igenamigambi ryubushyuhe, igishushanyo, guhitamo ibikoresho, imikorere n umusaruro, kubungabunga ibikoresho, no guhindura no kuzamura sisitemu yo gushyushya.
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu hamwe n’abaturage bashishikajwe no kurengera ibidukikije bya karuboni nkeya, imiyoborere y’imishinga y’umucyo no kuzigama ingufu yatumye inganda nyinshi zishyushya buhoro buhoro zerekeza ku buryo bushyushye, bwa siyansi n’ingufu zishingiye ku bushyuhe. , igabanya cyane igiciro cyo gushyushya no kuzamura ireme rya serivisi zishyushya.Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bukoresha ingufu bwahindutse ubwiyongere bukabije, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, umwanda mwinshi, kubungabunga ingufu ni ngombwa.Kubaka no guteza imbere ubushyuhe bwo mu mijyi nuburyo bwiza bwo kuzigama ingufu, kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije no kugera ku majyambere arambye.
Kugeza ubu, ibyinshi mu bigo bishyushya byita ku giciro cy’ishoramari, biracyakoresha uburyo bw’umusaruro wasubiye inyuma mu myaka myinshi, ndetse no gutegura inkomoko y’ubushyuhe budafite ishingiro, ibipimo bidafite ishingiro, uburyo bwo gucunga inyuma no kubura abakozi babigize umwuga na tekiniki. , igabanya iterambere ryubumenyi bwinganda zishyushya.Muri sisitemu yo gushyushya, guhitamo neza ibikoresho bigenzura amazi no gushushanya igenamigambi ry’ubushyuhe byabaye umurimo wibanze wa buri kigo gishyushya.Uwitekaindangani kimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe muri sisitemu yubushyuhe.Ubwiza bwaindangana nibaindangani Byatoranijwe Bikurikije Ibiranga iindangaAzagira uruhare rukomeye mu bwiza bwo gushyushya.
Uwitekaindanganikintu kigenzura mumazi atanga sisitemu yumwuzure, ifite imirimo yo guca, kugenzura, kuyobora, gukumira impanuka, guhagarika umuvuduko, guhagarika, kugenzura uburinganire bwimyororokere nibindi nibindi.Muri sisitemu yo gushyushya, ubushyuhe buterwa nubwiza bwaindangantabwo ijyanye nibisanzwe, kandi ibibazo byabakoresha mubigo bishyushya nabyo birasanzwe.Kuberako indiba zashyizwe mu iriba, ibintu byo kwiruka, kugwa, gutonyanga no kumeneka ntibyoroshye kuboneka.Mubisanzwe, irashobora kuboneka gusa mugihe uyikoresha yitotombeye, Kugenda kuvumbura nibikoresho byangiritse.Niba hari ikibazo, ntigishobora kuboneka mugihe.Ntabwo ari ikibazo gito, kigira ingaruka kumutekano wibikorwa byumuyoboro, ariko kandi bigatera imyanda yubushyuhe.Nububabare bwumutwe kubatekinisiye bashushe.Mu bigo bimwe bishyushya, habaye ukutumvikana muguhitamo valve.Gusa bitondera igiciro cyibikoresho cyangwa bagiye bakoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya ibikoresho.Kutagira ubwenge bushya, kubura ubumenyi bwumwuga biranga valve no kubungabunga.Ntabwo isuzuma ikiguzi kinini cyo kubungabunga cyatewe nikibazo cyubwiza bwa valve.
Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi muri sisitemu yumuriro niikinyugunyugu, irembo, globe, Kugenzuran'ibindi.Iyi mibande ifite ibyiza byayo, ariko kandi ifite inenge zayo, ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yubushyuhe, hamwe nuwashushanyije muguhitamo ubwoko, mubisanzwe hamwe nibikorwa bifatika bihujwe nibyiza nibibi byiyi mibumbe mugutegura igishushanyo mbonera.Reka twumve ibyiza nibibi byiyi mibande,ikinyugunyuguni kimwe mu bikoreshwa cyane na valve, umwanya wo kwishyiriraho ni muto, igiciro gito, urashobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhindura urujya n'uruza rw'ibinyugunyugu byoroheje, byoroshye kashe ya kinyugunyugu kubera kubuza ibikoresho bya reberi, ntibishobora gukoreshwa mubihe by'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, vuba aha imyaka,ibyuma bitatu bya kinyugunyuguPorogaramu, Gutezimbere cyaneikinyugunyugumubushuhe bwubushuhe bwo gukoreshwa, Ariko, isahani yikinyugunyugu yogejwe nigikoresho umwanya muremure, bikavamo ihinduka ryubuso bwa kashe, bikazaviramo kwangirika kashe kandi bikagira ingaruka no gutembera kwikigereranyo.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe aho kashe idakenewe.Kuberako irwanya amazi yairemboni ntoya, icyerekezo cyerekezo cyikigereranyo ntikibujijwe, mugihe hejuru yikidodo gifunguye byuzuye, isuri yikigereranyo iba ntoya kuruta iyaglobe, ariko ingano no gufungura uburebure bwairemboni binini, kandi umwanya wo kwishyiriraho ni munini.Muburyo bwo gufungura, kugereranya guterana hejuru yikimenyetso biroroshye gutera ibintu byinjizwamo, kandi kubungabunga nabyo ni ibibazo byinshi, bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze myinshi muri sisitemu yo gushyushya.Uwitekaglobeni na none ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya valve, uburebure bwo gufungura ni buto, guhinduranya birihuta, hejuru yo gufunga mugihe cyo gufungura no gufunga muri rusange nta kunyerera ugereranije, ntabwo bizatera gushushanya, kubungabunga nabyo biroroshye, ariko ibibi ni uguhindura urujya n'uruza, kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya amazi, uburebure bwimiterere nabwo ni bunini, diameter nominal ya valve rusange yisi yose ntabwo irenze DN250 umuvuduko mwinshi ntabwo urenze DN150.
Umupirayavutse mu myaka ya za 1950, hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga, gukomeza kunoza imikorere y’umusaruro n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa, yakoreshejwe cyane muri sisitemu yubushyuhe mu myaka yashize, imikorere yayo isumba iyindi igera ku yandi mabande. , ntabwo ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya amazi, uburemere bworoheje, imikorere ya kashe ya zeru, gufungura no gufunga byihuse, hejuru yikidodo ntigisuzumwa nigihe giciriritse, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende nibindi byiza, kandi ibona uburenganzira bwo guhitamo valve kubigo.By'umwihariko, imipira yo gusudira yose yakoreshejwe cyane mu miyoboro yo gushyushya imiyoboro hagati mu myaka ibiri ishize.Ibyiza byihariye bya zeru imbere no hanze yamenetse, gushyingurwa mu buryo butaziguye, gusudira imiyoboro nta mananiza, hamwe nimyaka 20 yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, ku rugero runini, yazigamye amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho hamwe n’ibiciro bijyanye no gufata neza ibigo bishyushya, kandi byamenyekanye na ubuyobozi bukuru bwikigo gishyushya.Nyamara, uburyo bwo gukora buri munsi no gusana na valve mubikorwa byacu nabyo byahindutse umurimo udashobora kwirengagizwa ninganda zishyushya.Mugusobanukirwa ihame ryakazi nibiranga ibicuruzwa biranga valve, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora no gukemura ibibazo, sisitemu yimikorere ijyanye nibikorwa irashobora gutegurwa mubikorwa bisanzwe byikigo kugirango habeho umutekano wibikoresho bya valve.
Ihame ryo gufunga imikorere yumupira wo gusudira wumuriro:
Ubusanzwe bukoreshwa mu gusudiraumupira wamaguruna flange isanzwe ya valve igizwe ahanini numubiri wa valve, intebe, umupira, uruti nigikoresho cyohereza.Igikorwa nyamukuru nuguhuza no guca umuyoboro wamazi mumuyoboro.Uwitekaumupira wamaguruamenya imikorere yo guhinduranya atwara umupira kuzunguruka dogere 90 ukoresheje igikoresho cyohereza.Imiterere nyamukuru yimiterere igabanijwemo imipira ireremba hamwe nu mipira ihamye.
1.Umupira wamaguru ureremba:Umupira waumupira wamaguruIrashobora kureremba mumubiri wa valve, munsi yumuvuduko wikigereranyo cyamazi, umupira urakanda cyane mugice cyo gusohoka cyicaro cya kashe, kizakora kashe imwe, kashe yintebe yimbere ntabwo byemewe, iyi miterere yumupira wamaguruirangwa nuburyo bworoshye, gukora byoroshye, gukora kashe imwe muburyo bwiza nibyiza, cyane cyane gusudira byuzuye umupira wa valve intebe ya disiki yububiko, kuburyo kashe yageze kurwego rukomeye, hejuru yikimenyetso kugirango ihangane nikigereranyo kinini cyo gufunga, gufungura no gufunga torque biziyongera, Mubisanzwe birakoreshwa kuri valve ifite diameter iri munsi ya DN300.
2.Imipira ihamye:Umupira wuburyo butajegajega ufite uruziga rwo hejuru no hepfo ruzunguruka, kandi igice cyo hepfo cyumupira cyashyizwemo icyuma, gishyirwaho nigiti cyo hepfo, naho igice cyo hejuru kigahuzwa nigiti cyo hejuru.Umupira urashobora kuzunguruka gusa uhagaritse umurongo wumuyoboro wa valve, kandi ntushobora kwimuka kuruhande rumwe nkaumupira wamaguru.Kubwibyo, iyoumupira wuzuyeikora, umuvuduko wamazi imbere ya valve irashobora kwanduzwa gusa kuruti rwa valve no kwikorera, kandi ntibishobora gutanga igitutu kumyanya ya valve.Kubwibyo, intebe ya valve ntizahindurwa nimpinduka zumuvuduko mumuyoboro, imikorere ya kashe nibyiza, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi ni burebure.Intebe ya valve yumupira uteganijwe kureremba ireremba, kandi intebe ya valve izakoresha umuvuduko wimpeshyi yinyuma hamwe numuvuduko uri mumuyoboro kugirango uhuze umupira kugirango ushireho kashe yizewe.
Kubungabunga umupira wumuriro wumuriro nubuhanga bwo kuyobora:
Gukoresha neza kwishyiriraho no gufata nezaumupira wamaguruni ngombwa cyane, kandi ni n'ibirimo uruganda rushyushya rugomba kwifashisha mugutegura imikorere.Gucunga siyanse no kubungabungaumupira wamagurumugihe cyubwubatsi ntibishobora kurinda umutekano gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro byigihe cyo kubaka no gukora.Ahanini witondere ibintu bikurikira:
1.Gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gupakira no gupakurura valve, kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa mashini, kuzamura valve, umukandara wo guterura ntushobora guhambirwa kumutwe wa valve cyangwa guterura ibintu, nkibikorwa bitemewe, bizatera valve kunama uruti, valve stem gufunga kunanirwa no kwangiza agasanduku ka turbine.
2. Mbere yuko valve iva mu ruganda, ni ngombwa gufunga isahani ihumye cyangwa gutwikira ku mpande zombi za valve kugira ngo wirinde amazi, umucanga, n’indi myanda iri ku rubuga yinjira mu cyumba cya valve mu gihe cyo gutwara, bizatera kwangirika no kwangirika. kashe.
3.Mu kibanza cyubatswe, valve igomba gushyirwa neza, ntishobora gushyirwaho kubushake, bizatera valve guhitisha valve cyangwa amavuta ya valve kumeneka no kwangirika.
4.Gusudira byuzuyeumupira wamagurumbere yo gusudira kubaka, bigomba kwemeza valve muburyo bwuzuye bwo gusudira, Irinde kwangirika kwumupira guterwa no gusudira, gushushanya hejuru ya kashe, ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bwintebe ya valve bugenzurwa kuri dogere 140.
5.Nyuma yikizamini cya hydrostatike, amazi yo mucyumba cya valve agomba gusohoka neza kugirango yirinde kwangirika no gukonja.
Ubuyobozi no gufata neza ibyifuzo byo kubungabunga buri munsi mubikorwa:
1.Ku muyoboroimipiraya API6D, buri gihe ugenzure imikorere ya kashe ya valve, hanyuma urebe unyuze kuri valve.Niba hari imyanda yimbere, itunganywa hakurikijwe inzira
2. Ukurikije inshuro yibikorwa bya valve, umubare munini wamavuta winjizwa mukicara cya valve.Mubisanzwe, ingano ikwiye yamavuta yatewe nyuma yibikorwa bya valve, kandi ingano ya buri inshinge ni 1/8 cya sisitemu yo gufunga.Intego yo kubikora ni ukwirinda umwanda uri mu muyoboro winjira mu cyuho cyinyuma cyintebe ya valve ku rugero runini, bikagira ingaruka ku kugenda kwintebe ya valve, bikaviramo kunanirwa gufunga, mugihe ukemeza ko ubuso bwa kashe buri gihe muri a gusiga amavuta no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi.
3. Kubibirindiro bifite ibikorwa bike, ibikorwa byo gufungura no gufunga bigomba gukorwa rimwe mumwaka, kandi hagomba guterwa umubare munini wamavuta nogusukura amazi, bishobora kwirinda umupira hamwe na kole yintebe kandi birashobora no gusya byumye mugihe umupira urakora kandi ugabanye valve ikora torque.
4. Umupirabigomba kubungabungwa mbere yubukonje, byibanda ku kuvoma amazi imbere mucyumba cya valve n’amazi ya actuator kugirango wirinde gukonja mu gihe cyitumba kandi bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yimikorere.
5. Ongeraho amavuta adashobora kwambara kumutwe wa valve worm head actuator buri mwaka, buri gihe ugenzure kashe ya stem stem, ukureho ruswa, kandi ukore uburinzi bwo hanze.
Kugirango tunoze kwizerwa rya valve no kongera igihe cyumurimo wa valve, ni ngombwa cyane gukora akazi keza mukubungabunga no kugenzura hakiri kare.Birakenewe gushimangira igenzura ryokubungabunga mbere yuko ibikoresho bya valve biva muruganda nubugenzuzi mu bwikorezi, no gushimangira kubungabunga mbere yikibanza cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho nubugenzuzi mubikorwa byo kwishyiriraho.Mbere yo kwishyiriraho, birakenewe gukora ikizamini cya hydraulic, gushaka ibibazo hakiri kare no gukemura ibibazo mugihe.Shimangira amahugurwa yumwuga, utezimbere ubuhanga nubwiza bwabakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga umwuga, kandi ugere kubumenyi, busanzwe kandi butekanye.Hindura igitekerezo, ukore imicungire yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, utegure gahunda yo kubungabunga buri gihe kandi uyishyire mubikorwa.Kora akazi keza mumikorere itekanye ya sisitemu yo gushyushya kugirango urebe neza ubushyuhe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-14-2023